Electrical system of distribution.



A. S. HUBBARD.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 4, 1908.

Patented Nov. 21, 1911.

3 vwa W601, $513k elite 1.142134 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALBERT S. HUBBARD, 0F BELLEVILLE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO GOULD STORAGEBATTERY COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented N 0V. 21, 1911.

Application filed May 4, 1908. Serial No. 430,633.

.'Z '0 all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, ALBERT S. HUBBARD, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Belleville, county of Essex, and State of New Jersey,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Systemsof Distribution, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to electrical systems of distribution and moreparticularly to the regulation of alternating current systems ofdistribution. I have specially devised my invention for use withalternating current systems of distribution with which a storageapparatus, such as a storage battery, is operatively arranged ascompensatory influence. My invention in its more specific phase includescombinations specific to such a system. In its broader phase, however,it is not limited to this particular type of system.

My invention includes a simple and etficient regulating apparatuswhereby a regulating current may be produced with the least possible lagwith relation to the main alternating current fluctuations and thisregulating current may be responsive to the energy current of the systemor to the wattless current of the system, or to any desired component orcomponents of the main alternating current energy.

In my application filed February 25th, 1908, Serial No. 417,758 I havedisclosed and claimed a dynamo having an independently rotated armatureand field, the field being rotated in synchronism with an alternatingcurrent by which it is energized, the circuits of said alternatingcurrent being such as to produce a field rotating in the oppositedirection to the rotation of the field magnet structure. In my presentinvention I employ a dynamo having these characteristics, but whilerotating the field structure in synchronism with the voltage of thealternating current system I supply such field structure with a rotatingmagnetic field that is responsive in strength and is in synchronism withthe current of the alternating current circuit. By this means, as willbe more particularly explained hereinafter, I am able to obtain aregulation that is responsive to power factor changes in the circuit andI do this with the minimum of apparatus in the regulating circuit andwith a negligible lag between the fluctuations in the main circuit andthe resulting fluctuations in the regulating circuit.

In the present instance I will describe an embodiment of my invention inwhich I provide a regulating current whose intensity varies with theenergy current of the system and this regulating current is used toregulate the field strength of a booster which is in the batterycircuit. This regulating currentmay, however, be used for any desiredpurpose in accordance with my invention in its broader phase, andaccording to the position of the brushes on the commutator of theregulating dynamo the intensity of the current may correspond to thewattless current of the system or to some other standard.

Further and more specific features of my invention will appear from thedetailed description given below, taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings which form a part of this specification.

In the drawings, Figure 1 shows diagrammatically a system embracing oneembodiment of my invention, and Fig. 2 is a detail illustration partlyin section of my peculiar regulating dynamo.

Referring to Fig. 1, A represents any source of three phase currentssupplying the main polyphase alternating current distri bution circuit,1, 1, 1. B represents a storage battery located in the direct currentbattery circuit 2, 2. Also in the direct current circuit 2, 2, and inseries with the battery B is the armature of a boosterC, and the directcurrent end of a rotary converter D. The alternating current end of therotary converter D is connected to the main circuit, 1, 1, 1, by atransformer E and connections 3, 3, 8. The booster C is driven by an induction motor F' connected to the main circuit 1, 1, 1, by connections4, 4E, and transformer G. The booster C is also provided with twoopposing field coils I and J, the coil I being connected across thearmature of a direct current shunt dynamo H. The dynamo H is driven atpractically a constant speed by the synchronous motor K and the fiuXproduced by the field coil I remains practically constant. Thesynchronous motor is connected to the main circuit 1, 1, 1, through theconnections 5, 5, 5, and transformer L, and is arranged with acommutator and. brushes at one end of its armature and has connectedthereto its field coils K. In series in the main circuit 1, 1, 1, is atransformer M the secondaries of which are connected to distributedwindings N on a rotating field structure N through the connections 6, 6,6, and condensers 7 7, and slip rings. The rotating field structure N isdriven by the synchronous motor K and has within it a rotating armature,0, (see Fig. 2) and these two elements constitute the essential parts ofmy peculiar regulating dynamo, P. The armature O is independently drivenby an induction motor, Q, receiving its energy through the connections1, 1, 1. The armature O of the dynamo P is connected in series with thefield coil J and hence the strength of the field produced by said coilwill be dependent upon the voltage generated in the armature 0.

Since the transformer M is in series in the main circuit 1, 1, 1, andvariations of load upon this circuit will operate to vary the fieldstrength of the rotating field structure, N. The polyphase currentscirculating in the field structure N produce a field flux which rotatesrelatively thereto, but, the synchronous motor K drives the fieldstructure N in the opposite direction from the rotation of the flux andthus maintains the field flux in a substantially fixed position. Thevariations of field strength produced in the structure, N, by thefluctuations on the main circuit 1, 1, 1, cause the voltage generated inthe armature O to fluctuate responsively thereto and consequently thestrength of the field produced by the coil J varies responsively to thefluctuations on the main circuit 1, l, 1. In order to keep the excitingpolyphase currents in the windings N from lagging, due to inductance inthe rotating field structure N the condensers 7, 7, are inserted in theconnections 6, 6, 6.

As long as the phase relation between the current and voltage of thesystem remains fixed the position of the alternating current fieldremains fixed. If, however, the power factor of system changes theposition of this alternating current field will change and move slightlyin one direction or the other. The brushes taking the direct currentfrom the armature, 0, however, remain stationary and, therefore, thedifference of potential between them is dependent on the position ofthis field fiux. But since the current fur nished by the armature O, isproportional to this difference of potential between these brushes, thisdirect current will be varying with or responsive to the power factorchanges of the system for any given total current on the system. Thisregulation for power factor changes may take place simultaneously withthe regulation for load changes and also independently thereof.

With average energy delivered by generator A the booster 0 produces novoltage and the battery voltage is equal to that of the direct currentend of the converter D, so that the battery neither receives nor givesout energy.

If an increase of load or energy current is imposed on the circuit, 1,1, 1, the strength of the field produced by the coil J increasesresponsively thereto and a resultant field is produced in the booster Cin such a direction that the booster will increase the voltage of thebattery circuit and cause the rotary converter D to transfer energy fromthe battery to the main circuit 1, 1, 1, to take the extra load imposedthereupon. If the load on the main circuit 1, 1, 1, drops below normalthe reverse operations take place and the converter D transfers energyfrom the circuit 1, 1, 1, to the battery to charge it.

Although I have shown the armature O as furnishing a currentproportional to the energy current of the system, my broad invention isnot limited to such an arrangement, since in some systems it might beadvisable to move the brushes on the armature 0 so that the currenttaken by them would be proportional to the wattless current of thesystem.

Any variations of load in the main distribution circuit are quickly feltand compensated for by the battery since the induction in the regulatingapparatus is materially decreased by my improvements.

I do not desire to be limited to the specific details shown anddescribed since many changes therein may be made without departing fromthe spirit and scope of my invention, but

hat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: c

1. In an alternating current electrical system of distribution, apolyphase transmission circuit, a series transformer in each leg of saidcircuit, a dynamo field magnet having windings supplied by thesecondaries of said transformers and arranged to produce a rotarymagnetic field, a synchronous motor driving said field magnet andconnected to be in synchronism with the electromotive force of saidtransmission circuit, an armature for said dynamo field magnet, having acommutator, and means for rotating said armature so that it may rotaterelative to the field magnet.

2. In an alternating current system of electrical distribution, apolyphase transmission circuit, a series transformer in each leg of saidcircuit, a regulating dynamo provided with a field magnet the flux ofwhich is rotatable electrically in synchronism with the current in saidcircuit and an armature with a commutator rotatable independently ofsaid field, connections between said field, and said transformers, andmeans for mechanically rotating said field magnet in the oppositedirection from said electrical rotation and in synchronism with theelectromotive force of said circuit. 1

3. In an alternating current system of electrical distribution, analternating current distribution circuit, transforming apparatus in saidcircuit, a regulating dynamo provided with distributed field windingsconnected t said transforming apparatus and arranged to produce a rotarymagnetic field, means for mechanically rotating the structure of saidfield in synchronism with the electromotive force of said circuit, andsaid dynamo also provided with a rotatable armature arranged to producea direct current.

4. In an alternating current system of distribution, an alternatingcurrent distribution thereto and provided with an alternating currentfield magnet the flux of Which is rotatable electrically in synchronismwith the current of said circuit and the current of which varies inintensity with the current of said circuit, means for mechanicallyrotating said field magnet in synchronism with the electromotive forceof said circuit and an armature for said regulating dynamo provided witha commutator and independently rotatable.

5. In an alternating current system of distribution, an alternatingcurrent distribution circuit, a regulating dynamo in operative relationthereto, said dynamo having a field structure carrying an alternatingcurrent field fiux rotating in synchronism with the current of thesystem, means for mechanically rotating said field structuresynchronously with the electromotive force of the system, said dynamoalso having an armature and commutator, said armature and fieldstructure being independently mounted to be relatively rotatable.

6. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of analternating current distribution circuit, a regulating dynamo providedwith independently rotatable armature and field structures, the lattercarrying an alternating current field flux rotatable electrically insynchronism with and which is produced by a current varying in intensitywith the current of the system, and means for mechanically rotating saidfield structure in synchronism with the electromotive force of thesystem.

7. The combination of an alternating current circuit, a field structuresupplied therefrom, a member having windings and a commutator therefor,brushes thereon, means for producing a relative rotation between thefield structure and the brushes, and independent means producing arelative rotation between the brushes and commutator.

8. In an electrical system of distribution, an alternating currentdistribution circuit, a storage battery in operative relation thereto, aregulating dynamo provided with an armature and an alternating currentfield structure the fiux of which is rotatable electrically insynchronism with, and is produced by a current varying in intensity withthe current of the system, means for mechanically rotating said fieldstructure in synchronism with the electromotive force of the system,means for independently rotating said armature, and means for taking acurrent from said armtaure and causing it to regulate the action of saidbattery.

9. The combination of a polyphase alternating circuit, a field structureconnected thereto to have a rotary magnetic field, a member havingwindings and a commutator therefor, brushes thereon, means for maintaining the brushes in a definite position with relation to the positionof said field at any given power factor of the circuit, and independentmeans producing a relative rotation between the brushes and commutator.

10. In an alternating current system of distribution, an alternatingcurrent distribution circuit, a regulating dynamo provided with anarmature and a field magnet, the strength of the flux of which varieswith the intensity of the current of the system, means for mechanicallyrotating said field magnet in synchronism with the electromotive forceof the system, a commutator for said armature, brushes thereon andindependent means for rotating said armature with its commutator.

11. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of analternating current distribution circuit, a regulating dynamo inoperative relation thereto provided with an alternating currentrotatable field structure energized by a current which varies with theelectrical condition of said circuit, and also provided with anindependently rotatable armature, and means for rotating said fieldstructure in synchronism with an electro motive force of the system.

12. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a sourceof polyphase currents, a distribution circuit connected thereto, aregulating dynamo provided with an armature and a polyphase currentrotatable field structure having a current varying with the current ofthe system, and means for rotating the field structure in synchronismwith the electromotive force of the system and for independentlyrotating said armature.

13. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of analternating current distribution circuit, a regulating dynamo providedwith a rotating alternating current field structure having a currentresponsive to changes in the electrical condition of the system, andalso provided with a. rotating armature, and means for driving saidfield structure synchronously with the electromotive force of the systemand independently of the rotation of the armature.

14:. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of analternating current distribution circuit, a regulating dynamo providedwith an alternating current field magnet rotating in synchronism withand having a current varying with the current of the system, and alsoprovided with a rotatable armature and commutator, a synchronous motorfor driving said field magnet and independent means for driving saidarmature.

15. The combination of an alternating current circuit a seriestransformer therein, a field structure supplied therefrom, a member ininductive relation to said structure having windings and a commutatortherefor, brushes thereon, means for producing a relative synchronousrotation between the field structure and the brushes, and inde pendentmeans producing a relative rotation between the brushes and commutator.

16. The combination of a polyphase alternating current circuit, seriestransformers therein, a field structure supplied from the secondariesthereof, a member in inductive relation to said structure havingwindings and a commutator therefor, brushes thereon, means for producinga relative synchronous rotation between the field structure and thebrushes, and independent means producing a relative rotation between thebrushes and commutator.

17. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a dynamoprovided with an armature and a rotatable field structure energized byalternating currents, a synchronous motor for rotating said fieldstructure and an independent motor driving said armature.

18. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a sourceof alternating currents, a main distribution circuit connected thereto,and a regulating dynamo provided with a rotatable armature adapted todeliver a direct current and an independently rotatable field structureenergized by polyphase currents responsive to variations in theelectrical condition of said distribution circuit.

19. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a sourceof alternating currents, a distribution circuit in operative relationthereto, a regulating dynamo provided with an armature and a fieldenergized from the alternating current circuit, means for rotating saidfield in synchronism with the voltage of said circuit and means forrotating said armature.

20. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a maindistribution circuit, a storage apparatus in operative relation thereto,and a regulating dynamo provided with a rotatable armature adapted todeliver a direct current and an independently rotatable field structureenergized by polyphase currents therein.

21. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a maindistribution circuit, a storage apparatus in operative relation thereto,and a regulating dynamo having an armature and a field structureindependently rotatable, the field structure being provided withdistributed windings arranged to produce a rotating field by means ofpolyphase currents therein, and means for rotating said field structurein the op posite direction to said rotating field and at a speed insynchronism with said polyv phase currents.

22. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a maindistribution circuit, a battery and booster in operative relationthereto, and a regulating dynamo provided with a rotatable armature andan in dependently rotatable field structure for said armature which isenergized by alternating currents therein responsive to changes in theelectrical condition of the system.

23. In an electrical system of distribution,

the combination of a main alternating cur rent distribution circuit, abattery and booster in operative relation thereto, and a regulatingdynamo for the booster provided with an armature and a field structurefor said armature which is energized by alternating currents thereinresponsive to changes in the electrical condition of the system andmeans for producing relative rotation between said field structure andarmature.

24. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a mainalternating current distribution circuit, a battery and booster inoperative relation thereto, a dynamo for regulating the action of saidbooster responsive to changes in the electrical condition of the system,said dynamo being provided with a rotatable alternating current fieldstructure and a rotatable armature rotated at a speed independent ofthat of the field structure.

25. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a mainalternating current distribution circuit, a battery and booster inoperative relation thereto, a dynamo for regulating the action of saidbooster responsive to changes in the electrical condition of the system,said dynamo being provided with an armature and a rotatable fieldstructure energized by polyphase currents therein, means f0 rotatingsaid field structure in synchronism with the electromotive force of thesystem and means for independ ently rotating said armature.

26. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a mainalternating current distribution circuit, a direct current circuit, aconverter between said circuits, a storage apparatus and booster in thedirect current circuit, a regulating dynamo provided with a fieldexcited by alternating currents derived from the main alternatingcurrent circuit, and with an armature for furnishing a direct current tothe booster field the armature and field structure being rotatablerelative to one another.

27. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a mainalternating current distribution circuit, a battery and booster inoperative relation thereto, a dynamo for regulating the action of thebooster, a transformer in said main circuit and having its secondariessupplying the field of said dynamo with alternating currents, acommutator and brushes for the armature of said dynamo, means forrotating said armature, and independent means for producing relativerotation between the field structure and commutator brushes.

28. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a mainalternating current distribution circuit, a battery and booster inoperative relation thereto, a dynamo for regulating the action of thebooster, a transformer in said main circuit having its secondariesconnected to the field of said dynamo, condensers in said secondarycircuit, a commutator and brushes for the armature of said dynamo, meansfor rotating said armature, and independent means for producing relativerotation between the field structure and commutator brushes.

29. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a mainalternating current distribution circuit, a battery and booster inoperative relation thereto, a regulating dynamo provided with a fieldstructure energized by alternating currents, a synchronous motor forrotating said field structure, means for rotating the armature of saiddynamo and connections between said armature and the booster field.

30. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a mainalternating current distribution circuit, a battery and booster inoperative relation thereto, opposing field coils for said booster, oneconnected to a substantially constant source of electromotive force andanother connected to the armature of a regulating dynamo provided with arotatable field structure energized by polyphase currents, the value ofwhich varies as the strength of the current in said main circuit andmeans for independently rotating the armature and field structure ofsaid regulating dynamo.

31. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a mainpolyphase current distribution circuit, a direct current circuit, abattery and booster in the direct current circuit, a converter betweensaid circuits, opposing field coils for said booster, means for keepingthe field strength produced by one of said coils practically constant, adynamo for feeding another and opposing field coil, having a rotatablearmature, a transformer in said main circuit, and a rotatable fieldstructure for said dynamo energized by polyphase currents from saidtransformer, said armature and field structure being arranged to berotated relative to one another.

32. In an electrical system of distribution,

an alternating current distribution circuit,

compensatory storage apparatus therefor, a dynamo for regulating theaction of said apparatus, said dynamo being provided with a fieldstructure energized by alternating currents responsive to variations inthe alternating currents on the distribution circuit and an armaturetherefor arranged to be rotated with respect to the flux set up by saidalternating current field and also arranged to be movable with respectto said field structure.

33. In an electrical system of distribution, an alternating currentdistribution circuit, a compensatory storage battery and connectingapparatus in operative relation therewith, regulating means therefor,said means including a dynamo provided with a rotatable field structureenergized by alternating currents in synchroism with the alternatingcurrents on the distribution circuit, and a rotatable armature arrangedto be rotated with respect to the flux set up in said field structureand arranged to be also rotatable with respect to the field structureitself.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALBERT S. HUBBARD.

WVitnesses EDWIN SEGER, GORHAM CRosLY.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe "Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0.

